This study utilized monitoring data of atmospheric pollutants (SO2, NO2, CO, O3, PM10, and PM2.5) from 2018 to 2021 in parts of Anhui Province (BB, CZ, SZ, MAS, WH, and XC monitoring sites), along with precipitation data (represented by CZ, including FY, CZ-1, DY, QJ, LA, and TC stations), to analyze the characteristics of precipitation and atmospheric pollution in the study area. The scavenging effect of precipitation on atmospheric pollutants was investigated by calculating scavenging rates and correlations. Results showed that the number of days exceeding PM10 concentration standards at the BB, CZ, SZ, MAS, WH, and XC monitoring sites were 106, 106, 114, 33, 23, and 11 days, respectively, while the number of days exceeding PM2.5 concentration standards were 183, 183, 221, 111, 127, and 93 days, respectively. Taking CZ as an example, the distribution of precipitation types generally followed: light rain > moderate rain > heavy rain > storm > heavy storm. The annual precipitation characteristics across the sites generally showed an initial decrease, followed by an increase, and then another decrease, with the peak precipitation occurring in July. Precipitation was concentrated between June and August. Analysis of the scavenging effect of precipitation on atmospheric pollutants revealed that as precipitation intensity increased, the scavenging rate of atmospheric pollutants gradually rose, with the positive scavenging effect strengthening accordingly. Continuous precipitation demonstrated a greater reduction in atmospheric pollutant concentrations compared to single precipitation events. Specifically, continuous precipitation over 4 days resulted in higher positive scavenging rates for PM10 and PM2.5, were 68.00% 、 76.00%, while continuous precipitation over 2 days yielded higher positive scavenging rates for SO₂, NO₂, CO, and O₃, ranging from 48.84% to 65.12%. Precipitation events with positive scavenging rates showed a positive correlation with PM10 and PM2.5, and NO₂, whereas precipitation events with negative scavenging rates exhibited a positive correlation with SO₂ and NO₂. Overall, precipitation had a weaker impact on O₃ and CO, and its scavenging effect on particulate pollutants (PM10 and PM2.5) was stronger than on gaseous pollutants (SO2, NO2, CO, O3). This study provides a valuable reference for optimizing agricultural meteorological services and safeguarding agricultural production.