安徽农学通报 >
2026 , Vol. 32 >Issue 4: 84 - 88
DOI: https://doi.org/10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2026.04.020
红茶特征风味物质形成影响因素研究进展
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黄云六(1983—),女,重庆开州人,硕士,从事食品检测研究。 |
收稿日期: 2025-04-09
网络出版日期: 2026-02-11
Research progress on influencing factors of characteristic flavor compounds formation in black tea
Received date: 2025-04-09
Online published: 2026-02-11
本文从茶树品种、种植环境和加工工艺3个方面总结分析了影响红茶风味物质形成的主要因素。茶树品种方面,不同茶树品种因遗传特性差异塑造出红茶特异性香气轮廓与滋味风格。种植环境方面,海拔通过影响昼夜温差调节茶树代谢,高海拔(800 m以上)地区种植的红茶风味更佳;调节光质与光周期可激活特定酶系统,促进茶黄素合成及酯类等香气前体形成;土壤pH(适宜范围4.5~5.5)、养分(钾、磷、镁)及微生物群落共同调控茶树根系发育与次生代谢,直接影响茶多酚等风味物质的含量与比例。加工工艺方面,萎凋、揉捻、发酵、干燥等关键加工工艺协同调控红茶风味物质含量,适合的工艺参数优化组合(萎凋失水率60%~65%,揉捻时间40~60 min,发酵温度25 ℃)有利于改善茶汤色泽、香气、滋味及贮藏性能。茶树品种、种植环境和加工工艺三者协同作用有助于稳定和改良红茶风味物质,进而提升其品质。
黄云六 , 曹丽莎 , 李彦杰 . 红茶特征风味物质形成影响因素研究进展[J]. 安徽农学通报, 2026 , 32(4) : 84 -88 . DOI: 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2026.04.020
This article summarized and analyzed the main factors affecting the formation of flavor compounds in black tea from 3 aspects: tea tree variety, planting environment, and processing technology. In terms of tea varieties, the genetic characteristics of different tea plant cultivars were found to shape the specific aroma profiles and flavor styles of black tea. Regarding the growing environment, altitude influenced tea plant metabolism through diurnal temperature variations, with black tea grown at higher altitudes(above 800 m)generally exhibiting superior flavor. Light quality and photoperiod, were shown to activate specific enzyme systems, promoting the synthesis of theaflavins and the formation of aroma precursors such as esters. Soil pH(optimal range 4.5-5.5), nutrients(e.g., potassium, phosphorus, magnesium), and microbial communities jointly regulated root development and secondary metabolism in tea plants, directly affecting the content and ratio of flavor compounds such as tea polyphenols. In terms of processing techniques, key processing techniques such as withering, rolling, fermentation, and drying are used to synergistically regulate the flavor compounds of black tea. Optimal combination of suitable process parameters (e.g., withering moisture loss rate of 60%-65%, rolling duration of 40-60 min, fermentation temperature of 25 ℃)was found to improve the color, aroma, taste, and storage performance of the tea infusion. The synergistic effect of tea tree variety, planting environment, and processing technology helps to stabilize and improve the flavor compounds of black tea, thereby enhancing its quality.
Key words: tea garden environment; black tea; tea variety; processing technology
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