In order to explore the suitable density conditions for early spring greenhouse cultivation of chili peppers, this experiment compared and analyzed the main agronomic traits, yield, and economic benefits of chili peppers under seven density conditions of 40 500, 43 500, 46 500, and 49 500 plants/hm². The results showed that when the density was low, the individual development of chili peppers plants was better, with higher plant height, fruit length, fruit diameter, and single fruit weight compared to high-density treatments. Density conditions did not affect the appearance and other characteristics of chili fruits. As the density increases, the yield and benefits of chili peppers show a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. At a density of 49 500 plants/hm², the yield and benefits were highest, at 91 125.0 kg/hm² and 264 937.5 yuan/hm², respectively. The second density treatment was 46 500 and 52 500 plants/hm². Suitable density conditions are conducive to achieving high yields in chili peppers, and the experimental results provide a reference for high-yield cultivation of chili peppers.