To explore green and high yield cultivation technology for maize in the shajiang black soil region of Northern Anhui Province, a comparative experiment on summer maize with soil testing and formulated fertilization versus conventional fertilization was conducted, using the maize variety Hangxing 007 in the shajiang black soil area of Dayang Town, Qiaocheng District, Bozhou City, Anhui Province. The experiment included 6 treatments: conventional full-fertilizer plot (ONK), soil testing and formulated full-fertilizer plot (NPK), nitrogen-free plot (PK), phosphorus-free plot (NK), potassium-free plot (NP), and unfertilized control plot (CK). The study investigated the effects of different fertilization treatments on maize agronomic traits, yield, and fertilizer use efficiency.The results showed that the NPK treatment effectively improved maize agronomic traits, with higher plant height, stem diameter, and seed setting rate, reaching 272.1 cm, 2.2 cm, and 87.2%, respectively. The yields of the treatments, ranked from highest to lowest, were NPK>ONK>NK>NP>PK>CK, with the NPK treatment achieving the highest yield of 8 981.5 kg/hm², a 3.74% increase compared to the ONK treatment. Regarding nutrient content in maize plants and fertilizer use efficiency, the NPK treatment exhibited higher nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content in maize stalks, as well as higher phosphorus and potassium content in grains. The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer use efficiencies under the NPK treatment were 42.64%, 21.18%, and 44.07%, respectively. The economic benefits of NPK treatment was the highest, at 14 892.6 yuan/hm², a 5.39% increase compared to the ONK treatment. The application of soil testing and formulated fertilization technology in the shajiang black soil area of the study area can enhance the efficiency of maize fertilizer utilization, and promote maize yield and increase income.