To clarify the application of 48% controlled release fertilizer in mid-season rice production, the rice variety Pingliangyouyazhan was used as the material. 5 fertilizer treatments were established in Chongyi County, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province (T1, nitrogen free zone, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus+potassium chloride; T2, phosphorus free zone, urea+potassium chloride; T3, potassium free zone, urea+calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus; T4, nitrogen phosphorus potassium zone, 48% controlled release fertilizer; T5, blank area). The effects of these treatments on rice growth period, main agronomic traits, yield, and fertilizer use efficiency were investigated. The results showed that the total growth period of rice under different treatments ranged from 129 to 133 days. The application of controlled-release fertilizer was found to accelerate seedling recovery and prolong the tillering and heading stages. In terms of main agronomic traits, plant height varied from 101.9 to 121.2 cm, and the seed setting rate ranged from 66.90% to 74.22%. The use of controlled release fertilizer increased the effective panicle number and seed-setting rate of mid-season rice. Both grain yield and straw yield were the highest in the T4 treatment, reaching 560.28 and 509.81 kg/667 m2, respectively. The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium use efficiencies were 37.33%, 26.17%, and 52.56%, respectively, with potassium use efficiency being the highest. In conclusion, 48% controlled release fertilizer was beneficial for increasing mid-season rice yield. This study provides a reference for the promotion and application of controlled release fertilizer in agricultural production.