To investigate the effects of combinations of fertilizer, microbial inoculant and immune inducer on soil carbon and nitrogen contents and wheat yield, Shengmai 711 was used as the test wheat variety. In terms of experimental design, 7 treatments were established, including organic compound fertilizer (D), Trichoderma compound microbial inoculant (J), immune inducer (Z), combined application of organic compound fertilizer and immune inducer (DZ), combined application of organic compound fertilizer and Trichoderma compound microbial inoculant (DJ), combined application of Trichoderma compound microbial inoculant and immune inducer (JZ), and combined application of organic compound fertilizer, Trichoderma compound microbial inoculant and immune inducer (DJZ), with the treatment of applying the compound fertilizer commonly used by local farmers, no microbial inoculant applied and foliar application of clear water set as the control (CK). In terms of experimental methods, soil samples from 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40 and 40-50 cm layers were collected at the jointing stage, flowering stage and maturity stage of wheat by the “S”-shaped sampling method, and the contents of soil total nitrogen, organic carbon, urease activity, ammonium nitrogen (NH₄-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO₃-N) as well as wheat yield were determined. The results showed that under the DJZ treatment, the total nitrogen content in the 0-30 cm soil layer (from shallow to deep) at the maturity stage increased by 51.42%, 46.85% and 93.41% respectively compared with the CK. Soil organic carbon content in all soil layers was higher under DJZ treatment at the jointing, flowering and harvest stages. The soil urease activity was relatively high at the flowering stage, and the DJZ treatment had higher urease activity in the 0-50 cm soil layer than other treatments. Overall, the contents of NH₄-N and NO₃-N in each soil layer at the maturity stage and flowering stage were lower than those at the jointing stage. Under the DJZ treatment, the NH₄-N content in all soil layers at the flowering stage and harvest stage was higher than that in the CK. For NO₃-N content, it was higher in all soil layers under the DJZ treatment than in the CK treatment at the jointing stage and harvest stage, except for the 20–30 cm soil layer at the harvest stage. The wheat yield under all treatments was higher than that of the CK treatment; among these treatments, the DJZ treatment resulted in the highest number of spikes per unit area (283 300 spikes/hm²) and the highest yield (5 698.14 kg/hm²). In conclusion, the combined application of organic compound fertilizer, Trichoderma compound microbial inoculant and immune inducer improved the physical and chemical properties of soil, increased the contents of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in the 0-50 cm soil layer at the jointing, flowering and harvest stages, elevated NH₄-N content in the 0-50 cm soil layer at the harvest stage, and enhanced urease activity in the 0-50 cm soil layer at the flowering and harvest stages, thus contributing to increase wheat yield.