Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin >
2026 , Vol. 32 >Issue 5: 104 - 108
DOI: https://doi.org/10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2026.05.024
Research progress on the hypoglycemic mechanism of plant polysaccharides
Received date: 2025-10-30
Online published: 2026-03-12
This article systematically reviewed the hypoglycemic activity mechanism of plant polysaccharides from the perspective of regulating carbohydrate hydrolysis, hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism. In terms of regulating carbohydrate hydrolysis, polysaccharides such as those from Tremella aurantialba and dark tea were found to effectively inhibit the activities of intestinal α-amylase and α-glucosidase, thereby delaying starch decomposition and glucose absorption and reducing postprandial blood glucose. Regarding liver metabolism regulation, polysaccharides were demonstrated to function bidirectionally: on one hand, they regulated key enzymes involved in glucose metabolism, such as by activating glucokinase and inhibiting gluconeogenic enzymes, promoting glucose utilization and glycogen synthesis; on the other hand, they activated insulin signaling pathways, including the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways, enhancing glucose uptake by hepatocytes and improving insulin resistance. In the regulation of lipid metabolism, glycyrrhiza polysaccharide and apple pomace polysaccharide have been shown to significantly improve lipid abnormalities associated with diabetes, lowering levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides. This alleviation of lipotoxicity indirectly improved insulin sensitivity and blood glucose control. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects were identified as important auxiliary pathways through which polysaccharides exert their functions, which can reduce inflammation mediated insulin resistance by downregulating the levels of inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α, inhibiting chronic inflammatory responses; simultaneously enhancing the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, clearing free radicals, and reducing oxidative stress damage to pancreatic beta cells. Furthermore, plant polysaccharides can also synergistically exert hypoglycemic effects by regulating the neuroendocrine axis and inhibiting the expression of intestinal glucose transporter genes. This paper provides a reference for the exploration of hypoglycemic active substances from plant resources.
Key words: plant polysaccharides; hypoglycemic; insulin resistance; plant resources
Wang Bo , Zhang Yue , Lyu Dantong , Han Meiling , Wang Songran , Wang Wanqiu , Chen Wei . Research progress on the hypoglycemic mechanism of plant polysaccharides[J]. Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2026 , 32(5) : 104 -108 . DOI: 10.16377/j.cnki.issn1007-7731.2026.05.024
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