To compare the differences between fine stem and conventional stem, a comparative evaluation was conducted on the process parameters of two types of stem cutting and their application in fine count cigarettes. The results showed compared with conventional stem, fine stem had the characteristics of small filling value, low whole stem rate, high fragmentation rate, and low resistance to breakage. The content of reducing sugar, nicotine, total nitrogen, lignin, cellulose, protein, etc. in fine stemmed stem silk were slightly lower than that in conventional stem silk, while the neutral aroma components such as pyrazine and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one were slightly higher than those in conventional stem silk. Fine stemmed tobacco had the characteristics of significantly reducing tar, carbon monoxide in smoke, low ash cracking rate, and slow combustion rate. The weight stability and sensory quality of a single cigarette mixed with the same proportion of fine stemmed tobacco were better than those of conventional tobacco samples.